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Daud Mohamad ¹, Salmia Beddu ¹, Siti Nabihah Sadon ¹, Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal ¹, Zarina Itam ¹, Khodrulnadiah Mohamad ¹, Wani Mohd Sapua ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University Tenaga Nasional, MY
2 Civil Engineering Department, Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur, MY

Abstract

Quality of the construction project is very crucial issue nowadays. Sometimes works are carried out in place where there is acute shortage of water and the application of water curing is not possible for reasons of economy. There are several papers studied on internal curing agent and effect to the concrete such as from Polyethylene Glycol (PEG400), ceramic and Super Absorbent Polymer that make them beneficial for engineering and construction applications. Year by year, increasing of waste from disposable diapers will give impact to dumping area. Internal curing agent that used in this research is new diapers contain of super absorbent polymer, which becomes a gel-like substance when wet and absorb the water. Diapers are primarily worn by infants, and by children who are not yet potty trained or who experience bedwetting. In this research, it will be analyzed by investigating the workability and compressive strength impact to the concrete. Design Mix with size of cube 100 x 100 x 100mm has been testing day 3, 7, 28 and 90 days with the ratio from 0% as a control and 1%, 2%, 3%, 5% and 10%. From the result that had obtained, 1% of diapers polymers can conclude that the internal curing process can help to improve the hydration process. When the hydration process occurs, the polymer can transfer the water to all part of the concrete and to the hydration point it results the early age cracking can be preventing and promotes maximization of cement hydration, potentially contributing to increase the strength and the fluid transport coefficients can be reduced.

Keywords

Compressive Strength, Diapers, Polymer, Self-curing Concrete, Workability

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Al-Mamon Yousef ¹, Zakaria Che Muda ¹, Sivakumar Naganathan ¹, Salmia Beddu ¹, Shojaeddin Jamali ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MY

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the post-tensioning behavior of the soil-cement interlocking bricks used in masonry wall subjected to out-of-plane loads. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Three types of wall specimen were tested with post-tensioned forces of 50% and 65% of maximum post-tension force. The wall specimens were tested horizontally after applying the post-tensioning force by applying two vertical point loads distributed equally along the wall. Findings: Results showed that service load and ultimate load for W1 are 6.2 KN and 9.5 KN respectively. The mentioned loads for W2 were 7 KN and 11.8 KN respectively. The maximum deflection occurred in W1 and W2 was 69 mm and 32 mm respectively. On the other hand, the service load and ultimate load for the post-tensioned wall with two tendons were found to be 14 KN and 20 KN respectively. The deflection in both cases was approximately same which it reaches up to 59mm. It can be concluded that post-tensioning level of interlocking bricks should be always from 60% to 65% in order to get optimum results for service ability and ultimate limit states. Application/Improvements: The post-tensioned wall developed using soil-cement interlocking blocks can be used in reinforced and post-tensioned masonry applications instead of conventional brick masonry. The post tensioning enhances the performance of brick masonry.

Keywords

Deflection, Masonry Wall, Post-Tensioning, Soil-Cement Interlocking Bricks, Ultimate Load

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Siti Nabihah Sadon ¹, Salmia Beddu ¹, Sivakumar Naganathan ¹, Nur Liyana Mohd Kamal ¹, Hamdan Hassan ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jln IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang - 43000, Selangor, MY
2 Tenaga Nasional Berhad Research, No 1, Lorong Air Hitam, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, Kajang - 43000,Selangor, MY

Abstract

Objective: This paper reviews the literature available on coal bottom ash (CBA) and its applications in building industry. Methods: The current trends on the reuse of CBA have been reviewed and the various properties of CBA are presented and discussed. Different percentage of CBA replacement in concrete was used. Findings: CBA were found thermally stable within the temperature range considered. Workability of fresh concrete containing CBA show a lower value due to the higher amount of replacement which required huge amount of water which effect the workability. Compressive strength of the concrete shows that it’s reached optimum strength beyond 28 days and no leachate of toxic elements in CBA was present. Application/Improvements: The review of the literature showed that the CBA was successfully recycle and applied for replacement as fine aggregate as well as coarse aggregate. It is concluded that the recycling of CBA as cement replacement material and also processing of CBA to develop nano-material are the future of CBA research.

Keywords

Coal Bottom Ash, Compressive Strength, Power Plant, Sustainable Material, Workability

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